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Panic Disorder is diagnosed when a person has unexpected panic attacks followed
by at least one month of persistent concern about having another panic attack.
The person may avoid the circumstances in which the attacks took place and even
situations similar to them for fear of having another panic attack. He or she
may also change patterns of behavior, such as avoiding being alone, even when at
home, so that help is available in case of a panic attack
A panic attack is different from a state of high anxiety. A panic attack is
defined as a distinct period of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak
within ten minutes, in which four or more of the following symptoms develop
abruptly:
- Rapid heart rate, pounding heart or palpitations
- Sweating
- Sensations of shortness of breath, or smothering
- Feeling of choking
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Nausea or abdominal distress
- Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
- Feelings of unreality (derealization)
- Feeling as if detached from one's self (depersonalization)
- Numbness or tingling sensations
- Chills or hot flashes
- Fear of losing control or going crazy
- Fear of dying
As a result of the above intense bodily sensations, particularly the rapid
changes in heart rate and breathing, sufferers frequently believe they have some
kind of physical disorder. Consequently, they seek medical attention at hospital
emergency rooms where they're told "it's just anxiety." Some undergo further
extensive medical evaluations including consultations with internists and
cardiologists. In other cases their concerns are about the possibility of having
a psychotic condition. Where there is no medical evidence for the panic attacks,
a psychological or psychiatric evaluation is recommended. |
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